1. To translate down, add to y. 
The equation is: y + 2 = |x| OR y = |x| - 2 (subtract 2 from each side) 
2. To translate to the left, add to x. 
The equation is: y = |x + 2| 
3. To translate up, subtract from y. 
The equation is: y - 2 = |x| OR y = |x| + 2 (add 2 to each side)
Hope this helps!